Entry Nos. 500–599

1908 –1952

#18

The works of Aristotle translated into English. Edited by J.A. Smith and W.D. Ross. 12 vols.

De motu animalium. De incessu animalium. In his Works, edited by J.A. Smith and W.D. Ross, 5, 698a-714b., Oxford, 1912. De Anima. In his Works… translated into English. Edited by J. A. Smith and W. D. Ross. 3, 402a-35…

1880 –1881

#500

A treatise on comparative embryology. 2 vols.

This work sums up all the previous knowledge on the subject, and includes Balfour’s own significant contributions. Balfour, a pupil of Michael Foster, became professor of animal morphology in 1882; in the same year he…

1880 –1885

#501

Anatomie menschlicher Embryonen. 3 pts. and atlas.

A systematic account of early human embryology that stimulated further investigation in a field in which His stood highest among his contemporaries. He was the first to study the human embryo as a whole.

1881

#502

Die Coelomtheorie. Versuch einer Erklärung des mittleren Keimblattes.

The Hertwig brothers formulated the “coelom” theory to account for the classification and phylogeny of metazoan animals. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1883

#503

Untersuchungen über Bastardirung der anuren Batrachier und die Principien der Zeugung.

Pflüger was one of the earliest workers in the field of experimental embryology. Above, his first work on the subject, deals with the cross fertilization of different species of frog.

1886

#504

Lehrbuch der Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen und der Wirbelthiere.

1888

#505

Beiträge zur Entwickelungsmechanik des Embryo. Ueber die künstliche Hervorbringung halber Embryonen durch Zerstörung einer der beiden ersten Furchungskugeln, sowie über die Nachentwickelung (Postgeneration) der fehlenden Körperhalfte.

Roux is regarded as the founder of developmental mechanics (“Entwicklungsmechanik” as he named it). His work on the production of half-embryos initiated a turning point by shifting emphasis from descriptive to experim…

1889

#506

Uterus and embryo.

1891

#507

A theory of the structure of the placenta.

1892

#509

Entwicklungsmechanische Studien. I. Der Werth der beiden ersten Furchungszellen in der Echinodermentwicklung. Experimentelle Erzeugen von Theil-und Doppelbildung. II. Ueber die Beziehungen des Lichtes zur ersten Etappe der thierischen Formbildung.

In the spring of 1891 Driesch succeeded in separating the blastomeres of the cleaving sea urchin egg. English translation in No. 534.3.

1892

#510

The cell-lineage of Nereis.

Wilson traced the development of Nereis in minute detail from fertilized egg to the free-swimming larval stage, a pioneer study of cell-lineage.

1894 –1895

#511

Ueber die Grenzen der Theilbarkeit der Eisubstanz.

English translation in Loeb’s Studies in general physiology, Vol.l., Chicago, 1905.

1895

#512

The embryology of the Unionidae. A study in cell-lineage.

1897 –1938

#513

Normentafeln zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Wirbelthiere. 16 pts.

1897

#514

The development of the frog's egg; an introduction to experimental embryology.

First work in English on experimental embryology.

1897

#515

Die frühesten Differenzirungsvorgänge in Centralnervensystem.

1900 –1908

#516

Contributions to the study of the pathology of early human embryos. 3 pts. : (1). A contribution to the study of the pathology of early human embryos. Welch Festschrift, Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports, IX (1900). (2). Second contribution to the study of the pathology of early human embryos. Contributions to medical research. Dedicated to Victor C. Vaughan. Ann Arbor (1903). (3). A study of the causes underlying the origin of human monsters. Third contribution to the study of the pathology of human embryos. Reprinted from Journal of morphology, 29, No. 1 (1908).

Part 3, with 365 pages and illustrations was the main work of this series. Mall began the introduction to the third part as follows: "The present communication is the outcome of a study of 163 pathological human embry…

1902 –1909

#517

Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Entwicklungsgeschichte der wirbellosen Thiere.

1902

#518

The accessory chromosome; sex determination.

McClung showed that the accessory chromosomes are the determinants of sex.

1904

#519

Experimental studies on germinal localisation.

1906

#520

Handbuch der vergleichenden und experimentellen Entwicklungslehre der Wirbelthiere. 3 vols.

1907

#521

Observations on the living developing nerve fiber.

Harrison demonstrated the development of nerve fibres by independent growth from cells outside the organism.

1907 –1908

#522

Experiments on the origin and differentiation of the optic vesicle in amphibia.

1908

#523

Contributions to the study of the early development and imbedding of the human ovum. An early ovum imbedded in the decidua.

The “Bryce-Teacher ovum”, age estimated at 13-14 days.

1908

#524

Ueber den chemischen Character des Befruchtungvorgangs.

1909

#525

Die chemische Entwicklungserregung des tierischen Eies; künstiiche Parthenogenese.

Artificial parthenogenesis. For Loeb’s first paper on this subject see No. 515.1. Translated and revised in Loeb’s Artificial parthenogenesis and fertilization, 1913.

1910 –1912

#526

Manual of human embryology. Written by Charles R. Bardeen, Madison, Wis.; Herbert M. Evans, Baltimore, Md.; Walter Felix, Zurich; Otto Grosser, Prague; Franz Keibel, Freiburg i. Br.; Frederic T. Lewis, Boston, Mass.; Warren H. Lewis, Baltimore, Md.; J. Playfair McMurrich, Toronto; Franklin P. Mall, Baltimore, Md.; Charles S. Minot, Boston, Mass.; Felix Pinkus, Berlin; Florence R. Sabin, Baltimore, Md; George L. Streeter, Ann Arbor, Mich.; Julius Tandler, Vienna; Emil Zuckerkandl, Vienna. Edited by Franz Keibel and Franklin P. Mall. 2 vols.

The important studies on human embryos, originated by His, were carried on by his pupils, Keibel and Mall. This classic work written by American and German experts “has not yet been superseded” (D.S.B., late 20th cent…

1912

#527

Terminologie der Entwicklungsmechanik.

1919

#528

The elementary nervous system.

Important studies on the survival of primitive types of neuromuscular mechanism in some of the higher vertebrates.

1920

#529

Mechanismus und Physiologie der Geschlechtsbestimmung.

Translated into English William J. Dakin as The Mechanism and Physiology of Sex Determination (London: Methuen & Co., 1923). Digital facsimile of the 1920 edition from Google Books at this link. Digital facsimile of t…

1924

#530

Über Induktion von Embryonalanlagen durch Implantation artfremder Organisatoren.

This was Hilde Mangold's thesis. Spemann designed the experiment, and Mangold performed the work, and was the co-discoverer of the "organizer," the chemical that directs the embryonic development of tissues and organs…

1931

#531

Chemical embryology. 3 vols.

1942

#532

Some aspects of early human development.

Report of the youngest normal implanted fertilized human ovum, fertilization age about 7 1/2 days. Hertig and Rock published a more detailed study in Contr. Embryol. Carneg. Instn. 1945, 31, 65-84.

1934

#533

A history of embryology.

An exhaustive history of the subject. Deals with embryology from the earliest times to the beginning of the 19th century and includes a valuable bibliography and many illustrations. Second edition, with the assistance…

1939

#534

The rise of embryology.

Includes a fine bibliography.

1675 –1679

#536

Anatome plantarum.

Malpighi was the founder of microscopic anatomy and a pioneer in the study of plant development. He approached the subject through the study of plant tissues. His Appendix adds to the work on chick embryology Malpighi…

1800

#537

Traité des membranes en général et diverses membranes en particulier.

Bichat conceived the idea of a science of anatomy and pathology based upon an accurate classification of the various tissues of the body, their distribution in the various organs and parts, and their particular suscep…

1830

#538

De glandularum secernentium structura penitiori.

Müller’s most important histological work. In it he described the microscopic anatomy of a large series of secreting glands. Müller’s greatest influence was not so much through his own work as through the influence he…

1837

#539

Symbolae ad anatomiam villorum intestinalium, imprimis eorum epithelii et vasorum lacteorum.

Henle first described the epithelia of the skin and intestines, and defined the structure and function of columnar and ciliated epithelium. He applied the term “epithelium” to all mucous membranes in the body. Modern …

1838

#540

Ueber die Ausbreitung des Epithelium im menschlichen Korper.

Henle broadened the scope of his study of epithelium (No. 539) to include the covering layers of the true body cavities.

1839

#541

De formatione granulosa in nervis aliisque partibus organismi animalis.

In 1839 Purkynĕ was the first to use the term protoplasma, by which he described the embryonic ground substance. This fact is recorded in the inaugural dissertation of one of his students, J. Rosenthal.

1840

#542

On the minute structure and movements of voluntary muscle.

Classical description of striated muscle

1841

#543

Allgemeine Anatomie. Lehre von den Mischungs- und Formbestandtheilen des menschlichen Körpers.

Many of the histological discoveries of Henle are described in the above. He classified tissues histologically. In the section on Gefässnerven (pp. 510, 690) Henle demonstrated the presence of smooth muscle in the end…

1846 –1849

#544

The microscopic anatomy of the human body, in health and disease.

First English textbook on microscopical anatomy. His description of the concentric corpuscles of the thymus (p. 9) led to the term “Hassall’s corpuscles”.

1848

#545

Bone or osseous tissue.

The discovery of the “fibers of Sharpey” is reported on pp. cxlii-cxliii.

1852

#546

Handbuch der Gewebelehre des Menschen.

Isolation of smooth muscle.

1858

#548

Mikroskopische Studien aus dem Gebiete der menschlichen Morphologie.

Gerlach introduced several staining methods, the most important of which (a transparent solution of ammonia carmine and gelatin) is called “Gerlach’s stain”; it was the first satisfactory histological stain.

1869

#549

Die Einschmelzungs-Methode, ein Beitrag zur mikroskopischen Technik.

Introduction of paraffin embedding

1869 –1872

#550

Handbuch der Lehre von den Geweben des Menschen und der Thiere. Edited by Salomon Stricker. 2 vols.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link. Translated into English by Henry Power as Manual of human and comparative histology. Edited by S. Stricker. 3 vols. London: New Sydenham Society, 1870-73. Digi…

1876

#551

Ueber den Bau der Meissner’schen Tastkörperchen.

Includes first account of the demonstration of nerve endings by means of the gold chloride method.