1840–1849

1844

#1264

Recherches expérimentales sur les fonctions du nerf spinal, étudié spécialement dans ses rapports avec le pneumogastrique.

1844

#1859

Mémoire sur l’alcool amylique.

Discovery of amyl nitrite.

1844

#2077.1

Rambles and recollections of an Indian official. 2 vols.

Lathyrism, a disease occuring in India, and parts of Africa, was known to Hippocrates. Sleeman, an Indian official and major general who presided over the suppression of Thuggee, had no special knowledge of medicine, …

1844

#1501

Untersuchungen zur Kenntniss des körnigen Pigments der Wirbelthiere in physiologischer und pathologischer Hinsicht.

Includes a description of “Bruch’s membrane” of the choroid.

1844

#1740

Principles of forensic medicine.

1844

#3260

Sur une opération de laryngotomie pratiquée dans un cas de polype du larynx.

First removal of a laryngeal polyp.

1844 –1845

#218

Vestiges of the natural history of creation. And: Explanations: A sequel to “Vestiges….” 2 vols.

This outspoken statement of a belief in evolution, published anonymously to protect Chambers’s reputation as a publisher, anticipated Darwin’s Origin by 16 years and generally prepared the public for Darwin’s theories…

1844

#2755

Observation d’hydropneumopéricarde accompagnée d’un bruit de fluctuation perceptible à l’oreille.

First adequate description of pneumopericardium.

1844

#4036

Recherches surles cryptogames qui constituent la maladie contagieuse du cuir chevelu décrite sous le nom de Teigne tondante (Mahon). Herpes tonsurans (Cazenave).

Gruby discovered a fungus, Trichophyton tonsurans, in ringworm of the scalp.

1844

#4037

Pemphigus chronique, générale; forme rare de pemphigus foliacé; mort: autopsie; altération du foie.

First description of pemphigus foliaceus, “Cazenave’s disease”. The article is unsigned.

1844

#3447

Mémoire sur une tumeur cancéreuse affectant l’iliaque du colon; ablation de la tumeur et de l’intestin; réunion directe et immédiate des deux bouts de cet organe. Guérison.

First intestinal resection for cancer.

1844

#3448

Practical observations on organic obstruction of the oesophagus; preceded by a case which called for oesophagotomy and subsequent opening of the trachea.

First esophagotomy for relief of stricture of the esophagus.

1844 –1845

#4852

Exstirpation of the os coccygis for neuralgia.

1844

#5746

Nouvelle méthode pour l’opération du bec-de-lièvre.

Malgaigne’s two-flap method for repair of cleft lip. English translation by R. Ivy in No. 5768.2.

1844

#5746.1

Lettre (Deuxième lettre) sur l’opération du bec-de-lièvre, considérée dans ses divers états de simplicité et de complication.

Mirault modified Malgaigne’s technique for cleft lip repair by discarding the medial flap and bringing the lateral flap of mucosa across. Abridged English translation by R. Ivy in No. 5768.2.

1844

#5311.1

On some of the characters which distinguish the fever at present epidemic from typhus fever.

Henderson, professor of pathology at Edinburgh, gave a good account of relapsing fever seen during the epidemic in 1843. He was one of the first to differentiate it from typhus.

1844 –1859

#5597

Elémens de pathologie chirurgicale. 5 vols.

Nélaton was a great teacher and operator at the Hôpital St. Louis. He invented several surgical instruments. The description of “Nélaton’s tumor” of bone appears in vol.. 2, p. 46, and on p. 441, “Nélaton’s line”.

1844

#5598

A treatise on operative surgery.

Pancoast was Professor of Anatomy and Surgery at Jefferson Medical College. He was a fine operator and devised a number of new surgical operations and instruments. This was work contains 80 fine lithographed plates, a…

1844 –1845

#267.1

Cours de microscopie. 1 vol. and atlas.

Donne's and Foucault's work was the first biomedical textbook to be illustrated with images made from photomicrographs, in this case daguerreotypes of blood cells. Among its noteworthy images are the first microphotog…

1844

#7300

Comparative analysis of recent and fossil bones.

The presence of fluorine in fossil bones was first reported in 1803 by Italian chemist Domenico Morichini, and by the 1840s scientists had determined that (a) fluorine occurs in teeth and bone; (b) the fluorine conten…

1844 –1847

#8306

The seven books of Paulus Aegineta: Translated from the Greek, with a commentary embracing a complete view of the knowledge possessed by the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians on all subjects connected with medicine and surgery by Francis Adams. 3 vols.

Book VI is entirely devoted to operative surgery. Adams himself says that it “contains the most complete system of operative surgery which has come down to us from ancient times”. Book IV contains much information on …

1844

#8534

Histoire des médecins juifs anciens et modernes. Tome premier (All Published.)

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1844

#8810

Pathologia Indica, or, The anatomy of Indian diseases, medical and surgical: Based upon morbid specimens from all parts of India in the museum of the Calcutta Medical College; illustrated by detailed cases, with the prescriptions and treatment employed, and comments, physiological, practical and historical.

Significantly expanded second edition, in two parts (Calcutta: Thacker & Co., 1848). Digital facsimile of the 1848 edition from the Internet Archive at this link.

1844

#8832

Crania Aegyptiaca: or, observations on Egyptian ethnography, derived from anatomy, history and the monuments. From the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. IX.

Morton argued that blacks and whites had been racially distinct since the Egyptian First Dynasty and drew the following conclusions, long since debunked: "Conclusions. "1. The valley of the Nile, both in Egypt and in …

1844 –1845

#8884

First [Second] report of the commissioners for inquiring into the state of large towns and populous districts [Appendix- Part II].

The publication of Chadwick's 1842 Report inspired the creation in 1843 of the Royal Commission for Inquiry into the State of Large Towns and Populous Districts, in which Chadwick once again played a leading role, dra…

1844

#8917

Observations on the volcanic islands, visited during the voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle, together with some brief notices on the geology of Australia and the Cape of Good Hope. Being the second part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle.

1844 –1871

#9067

Historia fisica y politica de Chile, segun documentos adquiridos en esta Republica durante doce años de residencia en ella .... 28 vols. text plus 2 vols. atlas. (30 vols.).

Gay, a French botanist, was commissioned in 1830 by the government of Chile to carry out a thorough scientific survey of the country, and to produce a detailed description of its geography, geology and natural history…

1844

#9169

The botany of the voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher....Edited and superintended by Richard Brinsley Hinds. The botanical descriptions by George Bentham.

Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

1844

#9823

Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. 5 vols. plus atlas.

The United States Exploring Expedition was the first United States scientific expedition by sea. Wilkes' six ships ranged from Tierra del Fuego, Chile, and Peru, to Samoa, Fiji, Tahiti, Hawaii, Australia, New Zealand,…

1844

#10132

Psychopathia sexualis.

The first medical text exclusively devoted to sexuality, though Kaan's views reflected religious, and other prejudices of the time. Digital facsimile of the 1844 edition from staatsbibliothek-berlin.de at this link. T…

1844

#10446

The theory and treatment of fevers. Revised and corrected by Ferdinando Stith.

The first medical treatise published in Missouri and the first medical treatise published west of the Mississippi River. "John Sappington provided medical services, was a financial lender, and imported and exported go…

1844

#10749

Die Krankheit des Gehirn’s und Rückenmark’s bei Kindern, durch Krankheitsfälle aus dem ersten Kinderspitale erläutert.

The first book on child neurology. Unusual for a medical book of this type, it includes a lithographed frontispiece, a lithographed title page, and four hand-colored plates.

1844

#11148

Die männlichen und weiblichen Wollust-Organe des Menschen und einiger Säugetiere.

Kobelt provided the first comprehensive and accurate description of the function of the clitoris.Digital facsimile from digi.ub.uni-heidelberg at this link.

1844

#11521

Recherches sur la composition du sang dans l’état de santé et dans l’état de maladie.

Becquerel and Rodier analyzed the blood components present in various diseases including typhoid fever, tuberculosis, Bright’s disease, anemia, heart disease and syphilis, as well as in pregnancy and childbirth. Their…

1844

#11526

Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad Maris Australis Terras per annos 1772, 1773 et 1774 suscepto

Forster was the naturalist on James Cook's second Pacific voyage, during which he was accompanied by his son Georg. His Descriptiones animalium was completed within a month of returning to England with Cook, but remai…

1844

#11646

A new view of insanity: The duality of the mind proved by the structure, functions and diseases of the brain and by the phenomena of mental derangement and shown to be essential to moral responsibility. With an appendix: 1. On the influence of religion on insanity. 2. Conjectures on the nature of the mental operations. 3. On the management of lunatic asylums.

"From the seventeenth century there were shifts in some of the basic assumptions about how the brain and mind functioned, and there are some useful markers along the way to an era of more systematic studies. Descartes…

1844

#11666

Voyage scientifique à Naples avec M. Magendie en 1843.

Digital facsimile from wellcomecollection.org at this link.

1844

#12136

Life in the sickroom: Essays by an invalid.

"Life in the Sickroom is one of many first-hand accounts of the experience of being ill written by an invalid. Martineau was ill for six years, but she found taking on the identity of an invalid a reprieve from the st…

1844

#12695

On superstitions connected with the history and practice of medicine and surgery.

Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

1844

#12895

The anatomy, physiology and pathology of the human teeth; with the most approved methods of treatment; including operations, and the method of making and setting artificial teeth. With thirty plates

Probably the first comprehensive and comprehensively illustrated general treatise on dentistry published in the United States. It is prefaced with a rather comprehensive historical summary. Digital facsimile from Goog…

1844

#13074

Pharmacopoea Castrensis Ottomano. Pharmacopée militaire Ottomane.

The first original pharmacopoeia printed in the Ottoman Empire, with an original text by the Austrian physician Karl Ambros Bernard. The text of this pharmacopeia was in French and Latin, accompanied by Italian terms.…

1844

#13608

Considérations médico-légales sur l'avortement suivies de quelques réflexions sur la liberté de l'enseignement médical à propos d'un procès en cour d'assises, mémoire adressé a l'Académie Royale de Médecine de Paris.

Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link.

1844

#13847

Musée d'anatomie pathologique. Bibliothèque de médecine et de chirurgie pratiques représentant en relief les altérations morbides du corps human, nouve procédé fondé sur les avantages d'une matière inaltérable et d'une peinture indélébile.

The author described himself as "Préparateur des pièces artificielles d'anatomie pathologique, a la Faculté de Médecine de Paris." Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

1845

#543.1

Physiologie pathologique. 2 vols. & atlas.

One of the earliest atlases of pathological histology. Lebert’s work played an important role in introducing the cellular idea of pathology, laying the groundwork for Virchow’s theories.

1845

#807

Experimenta, quibus probatur nervos vagos rotatione machinae galvanomagneticae irritatos, motum cordis retardare et adeo intercipare.

The discovery of the inhibitory power of the vagus. Also published in Wagner’s Handwörterbuch der Physiologie, 1846, 3, 45-51. Partial translation in J. F. Fulton’s Selected readings in the history of physiology, 2nd …

1845

#865

On the coagulation of blood and other fibriniferous liquids.

Buchanan extracted the fibrin ferment of blood. He showed that it was capable of coagulating blood and other serous fluids not in themselves coagulable.

1845

#412

On a hitherto undescribed structure in the human hair sheath.

“Huxley’s layer” and “membrane” of the root sheath of hair follicles.

1845

#1860

Mémoire sur la digitale pourprée.

Isolation of an active principle in digitalis, amorphous digitalin, more potent than the plant itself.

1845

#145.58

Recherches mathématiques sur la loi d’accroissement de la population.

In his second paper on population growth Verhulst introduced the term, logistic. He modified his equation so its early part is exponential and becomes logistic only after a definite length of time. Verhulst published …

1845

#2077.2

Du hachische et de l’aliénation mentale: Études psychologiques.

Moreau's experments may have been the first medical experiments with a psychotropic agent in the treatment of mental illness. English translation by G. J. Barnett as Hashish and mental illness (New York: Raven Press, …