Facets
Browse across eight MeSH (opens in new tab) facets — era, geography, science, specialty, technology, history, culture, and reference. Select one tag per group; counts update across the others. What’s new in facet browse how facets relate to subjects and MeSH.
Clear filtersFacet filters
Geography
Specialties & Disease
- Anatomy & Pathology 4
- Cardiology & Blood 3
- Neurology & Psychiatry 1
- Obstetrics & Reproductive 2
- Infectious Disease (General) 5
- Surgery & Anesthesia 6
- Public Health 9
- Immunology & Dermatology 1
- General Clinical Medicine 3
- Military Medicine 13
- Psychology 0
- Alternative & Fringe Medicine 6
- Pediatrics 0
- Ophthalmology & Vision 2
- ENT & Hearing 0
- Urology & Nephrology 0
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology 0
- Pulmonary & Respiratory 0
- Rheumatology, Rehab & Pain 0
- Internal, Emergency & Geriatric 0
- Veterinary Medicine 0
- Epidemiology & Demography 6
- Physiology & Embryology 0
- Dentistry 1
- Plagues & Epidemics 6
- Microbiology & Virology 15
Social & Historical Studies
Institutions & Culture
Reference & Scholarly Works
Drugs & Technology
107 entries match Ancient [K01.400.470] · Africa & Middle East [Z01.058.500]
1497
#39.1
Rhazes: Liber ad Almansorem sive Tractatus medicinae I-X. Liber divisionum. De aegritudinibus juncturarum. De aegritudinibus puerorum. De secretis sive aphorismi. Antidotarium. De praeservatione ab aegritudine lapidis; Introductorium medicinae. De sectionibus et ventosis. Synonyma. De animalibus. Add:Tabula de herbis medicis; Maimonides: Aphorismi; Mesue (the elder): Aphorismi; Hippocrates: Secreta; Prognosticatio secundum lunam; Capsula eburnea; De humana natura; De aere et aqua et regionibus; De pharmaciis; De insomniis; Avenzohar: De cura lapidis.
![HIPPOCRATES, [Ἱπποκράτης; Hippocrates of Kos] (-460 – -370)](/media/portraits/50)
The best edition of the Opuscula of Rhazes, containing the second printing of the celebrated Liber ad Almansorem, not to be confused with Liber nonus ad Almansorem, as well as De aegritudine puerorum (No. 6313), and o…
1500
#53
Aphorismi secundum doctrinam Galeni. Add: Johannes Damascenus [Mesue?]: Aphorismi. Hippocrates: Secreta; Prognosticatio secundum lunam; Capsula eburnea; De humana natura; De aere et aqua et regionibus; De pharmaciis; De insomniis. Avenzohar: De curatione lapidis.
![GALEN, [Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; Galen of Pergamon] (129 – 216)](/media/portraits/21)
An edition of the Latin translation of Maimonides’ Aphorismi (first published, Venice, 1489), together with a compilation of the works of Mesue, Avenzoar, Galen, etc. Page for page reprint, Venice, 1508. See No. 6495.…
1532
#9011
Octavii Horatiani reum medicarum Lib. Quatuor. I. Logicus, De curationibus omnium ferme morborum corporis humani, ad Euporistum. II. De acutis & chronicis passionibus, ad eundem. III. Gynecia, De mulierum accidentibus, & curis eorundem, ad Victoriam. IIII. De physica scientia, experimentorum liber, ad Eusebium filium. Albucasis. chirurgicorum omium primarii, lib. tres. I. De cauterio cum igne, & medicins acutis per singula corporis humani membra. Cum instrumentorum delimatione. II. De sectione & perforatione, phlebotomia, & ventosis. De vulternibus, & extractione sagittaru, & certeris similibus. Cum formis instrumentorum. III. De restuartione & curatione, dislocationis membrorum. Cum typis item instrumentorum.
In this, the first printed edition of Rerum medicarum libri quatuor by the late antique Byzantine physician Theodorus Priscianus, his work was misattributed to Octavianus Horatianus. Digital facsimile from Google Book…
1553
#8982
Les observations de plusieurs singularitez et choses memorables, trouuées en Grece, Asie, Iudée, Egypte, Arabie, & autres pays estranges, redigées en trois livres.
![BELON, Pierre [Pierre Belon du Mans; Petrus Bellonius Cenomanus] (1517 – 1564)](/media/portraits/9632)
Belon was first trained as an apothecary, and worked in that capacity for the bishop of Clermont, Guillaume Duprat. Around 1542 he studied medicine In Paris, and obtained a licentiate in medicine, though he never took…
1582
#7327
Aigentlich Beschreibung der Raiss, so er vor diser Zeit gegen Auffgang inn die Morgenländer, fürnemlich Syriam, Iudaeam, Arabiam, Mesopotamiam, Babyloniam, Assyriam, Armeniam etc....
Rauwolf provided the first modern descriptions of the flora of the area east of the Levantine coast. He was also the first to describe the riparian flora of the Euphrates, and the first European to publish an account …
1591
#6468
De medicina Aegyptiorum, libri quatuor.
The first significant work on the history of Egyptian medicine, and one of the first European studies of non-European medicine. Alpini became professor of botany at Padua after having spent three years in Egypt. Frenc…
1647
#12808
De proprietatibus ac virtutibus medicis animalium, plantarum, ac gemmarum tractatus triplex. Auctore Habdarrahmano Asiutensi Aegyptio. Nunc primum ex Arabico idiomate Latinate donatus ab Abraham Ecchellensi Maronita, Syracae, & Arabicae linguae Christianissimi Regis intreprete, & earundem in Academia Parisensi professore. Ex MS. Codice biblothecae eminentissimi Cardinal Mazarini.
First Latin translation of a three-part pharmaceutical treatise on the properties and effects of medicines derived from animals, plants, and minerals, attributed to the medieval Egyptian polymath Abd Al-Rahman Al-Suyu…
1735
#9416
Historiae Aegypti naturalis qua continentur rerum Aegyptiarum libri quatuor. Opus posthumum nunc primum ex auctoris autographo, diligentissime recognito, editum; atque ex eodem tabellis aeneis XXV illustratum et uberimmo indice auctem. (2 vols.) Vol. 2: Pars secunda, sive, de Plantis Aegypti liber auctus & emendatus. Accedunt tabella aenae LXXVII plantis summo artificio incisis; ut & dissertatio eiusdem de laserpitio, & lotoaegyptia. Cum observationibus & notis Joannis Veslingii, equitis, In Patavino Gymnasio Anatomiae & Pharmaciae professoris primarii. Accedunt Eiusdem Joannis Veslingii paraeneses ad rem herbariam & vindiciae opobalsami cum indicibus necessariis.
Posthumously published works of Alpini on the natural history and botany of Egypt, and Vesling on the botany of Egypt. The second volume, on botany by Alpini was edited by Johannes Vesling, with the addition of his ow…
1798 –1801
#10577
Opuscules du C[itoy]en Desgenettes, Médecin en chef de l'Armée d'Orient.
A collection of nine separately printed pamphlets issued by Napoleon's press in Cairo during his Egyptian campaign. See J.-F. Hutin, "La littérature médicale de la campagne d'Égypte", Histoire des sciences medicales, …
1800
#1768
Historiae Aegypti compendium, Arabice et Latine. Partim ipse vertit, partim a Pocockio versum edendum curavit, notisque illustravit J. White.
Arabic-Latin bilingual text, edited by White, incorporating a translation begun by Edward Pococke the Younger (1648-1727). Abd al-Latif gave a good description of the fauna and flora of Egypt, its inhabitants and some…
1800 –1801
#5837
Mémoire sur l’ophtalmie régnante en Egypte.
The great military surgeon Larrey served during the Napoleonic campaign in Egypt, where he was the first to observe the contagiousness of trachoma shortly after the successful invasion in 1798. The disease spread to E…
1801
#12053
Observations sur la maladies appelée peste, le flux dissentérique, l'ophtalmie d'Égypte, et les moyens de s'en préserver. Avec des notions sur la fièvre jaune de Cadix, et les projet et plan d'un hôpital, pour le traitement maladies épidémiques et contagieuses.
At the time of publication Assalini, a military surgeon with Napoleon, characterized himself on the title page as "Docteur en Médecine et Chirugien de 1re classe de la Garde des Consuls..." Digital facsimile from well…
1802
#8188
Histoire médicale de l'Armée d'Orient.
Napoleon appointed Desgenettes physician-in-chief for his expedition into Egypt. Desgenette's Histoire contained 19 separate chapters written by expedition personel. Digital facsimile of the 1802 from the Internet Arc…
1802
#8204
Mémoire sur le commerce des nègres au Kaire et sur les maladies auxquelles ils sont sujets en y arrivant.
Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link. Also published in Mémoires sur l'Egypte: ... Publiés dans les années VII, VIII et IX, Volume 4, (An X) pp. 125-156.
1803
#12942
Rélation historique et chirurgicale de I’expedition de l'Armée d’Orient, en Egypte et en Syrie.
Larrey's history of his experiences with Napoleon and Napoleon's armies during the Egypt campaign. Includes a reprint of Larrey's treatise on trachoma, which was first published at Napoleon's press in Cairo. Digital f…
1803
#13611
Observations et réflexions sur le scorbut, d'après celui qui a régné parmi les troupes françaises formant la garnison d'Alexandrie (en Egypte), pendant le Blocus et le Siége de cette ville, en l'an IX (1801), par les Armées combinées des Turcs et des Anglais.
The author was a military surgeon on Napoleon's Egyptian campaign. Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link. (32pp.)
1812
#12196
Collection d'opuscules de médecine pratique, avec un mémoire sur le commerce des nègres au Kaire.
Frank was with Napoleon in Egypt; this volume contains numerous reports on aspects of medicine during that campaign. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
1824
#2531
Origines contagii.
History of contagious disease in the ancient world through readings from the texts. A supplementary “Additamenta” was published in 1826. Digital facsimile of the 1824 edition from the Internet Archive at this link.
1832
#12667
The Aphorisms of Hippocrates, translated into Arabic by Honain ben Ishak, physician to the Caliph Motawukkul. [Edited from two MSS
1833
#8208
The Taleef shereef, or Indian materia medica translated from the original by George Playfair, Superintending Surgeon, Bengal Service. Published by The Medical and Physical Society of Calcutta.
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
1833
#13664
Compte rendu des travaux de l'École de Médecine d'Abou-Zabel (Égypte), et de l'examen général des élèves pour les 1re, 2e, 3e, 4e, et 5e années da sa fondation 1242-1243 (1827-1828)....Suivi de l'exposé de la conduite et des travaux de l'auteur lui-même en Égypte, depuis 1240 à 1248 (Hégyre) 1825 à 1832, et de diverses pièces relatives à son voyage en France.
"During the French occupation of Egypt, Napoleon designated Kasr al-Aini a hospital for his troops in 1799, and then afterwards proposed the opening of a school to teach local Egyptian students the medicine required t…
1835
#439
Antiquitates anatomicae rariores, quibus origo, incrementa et status anatomes, apud antiquissimae memoriae gentes, historica fide illustrantur.
Anatomical terms used in antiquity, representing to a certain, extent a survey of the literature of ancient medicine available to Hyrtl. Digital facsimile from The Medical Heritage Library, Internet Archive, at this l…
1840
#13663
De la peste observée en Égypte. Recherches et considérations sur cette maladie.
Includes two hand-colored lithographs depicting costumes of "plague doctors" -- one from the Middle Ages in Marseille, the other from Marseille in 1819; the similarities are striking! Digital facsimile from wellcomeco…
1842
#13843
Notes and observations on the Ionian Islands and Malta: With some remarks on Constantinople and Turkey, and on the system of quarantine as at present conducted. 2 vols.
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
1844
#8832
Crania Aegyptiaca: or, observations on Egyptian ethnography, derived from anatomy, history and the monuments. From the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. IX.
Morton argued that blacks and whites had been racially distinct since the Egyptian First Dynasty and drew the following conclusions, long since debunked: "Conclusions. "1. The valley of the Nile, both in Egypt and in …
1849
#13666
Compte-rendu de l'état del'enseignement médical et du service de santé civil et militaire de l'Égypte au commencement de mars 1849.
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
1852
#5339
Ein Beitrag zur Helminthographia humana aus brieflichen Mittheilungen des Dr. Bilharz in Cairo, nebst Bemerkungen von C. T. v. Siebold.
Discovery, in 1851, of Schistosoma haematobium, the parasite of bilharziasis. Bilharz was Professor of Zoology at Cairo. English translation in Rev. infect. Dis., 1984, 4, 727-32, and in Kean (No. 2268.1).
1854
#5355
Klinische und anatomische Beobachtungen über die Krankheiten von Aegypten.
Griesinger connected the worm of ankylostomiasis with Egyptian chlorosis, a condition in which the worm had previously been noted without its being considered the causal agent (pp. 555-61). Apparently Bilharz in 1853 …
1858
#13665
Compte rendu de l'examen des élèves de l'École de Médecine et de l'École d'Accouchement du Caire, pour la première année de sa réorganisation ... 6 avril 1858.
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
1875
#2
Papyros Ebers: Das hermetische Buch über die Arzeneimittel der alten Ägypter in hieratischer Schrift, herausgegeben mit Inhaltsangabe und Einleitung versehen von Georg Ebers, mit Hieroglyphisch-Lateinischem Glossar von Ludwig [Christian] Stern, mit Unterstützung des Königlich Sächsischen Cultusministerium. 2 vols.
The Ebers Papyrus dates from about 1552 BCE. It measures 20.23 m. in length and 30 cm. in height, and is, along with the Edwin Smith Papyrus, one of the two most important surviving medical papyri. It was written in h…
1876
#6469
Die ersten Anfänge der Heilkunde und die Medizin im alten Aegypten. Eine kulturgeschichteliche Skizze.
Sammlung gemeinverständlicher wissenscbaftlicher Vorträge, No. 255.
1883
#5923
Bericht über die Thätigkeit der deutschen Cholerakommission in Aegypten und Ostindien.
Koch–Weeks bacillus, Hemophilus conjunctivitidis, or Hemophilus aegyptius. Koch discovered the bacilli of two varieties of Egyptian conjunctivitis. See also No. 5930.
1886
#5186
Zur Aetiologie der Dysenterie in Aegypten.
Kartulis discovered amoebae in liver abscess. It was principally through the work of Kartulis that amoebae came to be considered the cause of dysentery in man.
1896
#5361
Notizen zur Helminthologie Aegyptens. Die Lebensgeschichte des Anchylostomum duodenale (Dub.).
Looss elucidated the life cycle and mode of transmission of the hookworm. See also No. 5365. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1).
1898
#7011
The Petrie papyri. Hieratic papyri from Kahun and Gurob (Principally of the Middle Kingdom) edited by F. Ll. Griffith.
KAHUN GYNECOLOGICAL PAPYRUS
The Kahun Gynecological Papyrus (also Kahun Papyrus, Kahun Medical Papyrus, or UC 32057) is the oldest known medical text on papyrus, dating from circa 1800 BCE. It was found at El-Lahun, Egypt (Faiyum, Kahun, كاهم
1901
#12210
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. Lettres écrites d'Égypte à Cuvier, Jussieu, Lacépède, Monge, Desgenettes, Redouté le Jeune, Norry, etc., aux professeurs du muséum et à sa famille. Receuillies et publiées avec un préface et des notes par le Dr. E.-T. Hamy.
Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link.
1905 –1911
#5365
The anatomy and life history of Agchylostoma duodenale Dub. A. monograph. 2 pts.
Vols. 3 and 4 of Records of the School of Medicine, Cairo. In 1898 Looss discovered that hookworm larvae can penetrate the skin. His monograph epitomized all knowledge of the condition to 1911.
1905
#8390
The Hearst Medical Papyrus: Hieratic text in 17 facsimile plates in collotype with introduction and vocabulary by George A. Reisner. University of California Publications. Egyptian Archaeology, Volume 1.
The papyrus has been dated to the 18th Dynasty of Egypt, around the time of pharaoh Tuthmosis III. The text is believed to have been composed earlier, during the Middle Kingdom, around 2000 BCE. The papyrus is so unus…
1906
#5111.1
Über Cholera- und choleraähnliche Vibrionen unter den aus Mekka zurückkehrenden Pilgern.
Isolation of El Tor vibrio, a particular strain of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Gotschlich first identified this strain in 1905 at a quarantine camp on the Sinai Peninsula in El Tor, Egypt . The vibrios were found i…
1906
#13137
La pharmacie en Egypte.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
1909
#4
Der grosse medizinische Papyrus des Berliner Museums (Pap. Berl. 3038) in Facsimile und Umschrift mit Uebersetzung, Kommentar und Glossar. Herausg. von Walter Wreszinski.
BRUGSCH PAPYRUS
The Greater German Papyrus (Brugsch Papyrus) dates from about 1300 BCE. The above facsimile reproduction and translation forms vol. 1 of the Medizin der alten Aegypter series. Digital facsimile from the U.S. National …
1912
#11097
Der Londoner medizinische Papyrus (Brit. Museum 10 059) und der Papyrus Hearst in Transkription, Übersetzung und Kommentar. Herausgegeben von Walther Wreszinski. Mit Facsimile der Londoner Pap. auf 17 Lichtdrucktafeln.
The London Medical Papyrus contains "61 recipes, of which 25 are classified as medical while the remainder are of magic.[1] The medical foci of the writing are skin complaints, eye complaints, bleeding[2] (predominant…
1915 –1916
#5350.4
Reports of the results of the bilharzia mission in Egypt, 1915.
Leiper identified the snail responsible for the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium.
1918
#10998
The Australian Army Medical Corps in Egypt. An illustrated and detailed account of the early organisation and work of the Australian medical units in Egypt in 1914-1915.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
1926
#6470
Imhotep: the vizier and physician of Kind Zoser, and afterwards the Egyptian god of medicine.
1927 –1948
#6419
Introduction to the history of science. 3 vols. in 5.
An extensively annotated bibliographical survey to the end of the 14th century.
1927
#7842
Certain samaritans.
A first-hand account of the American Women's Hospitals especially in Greece, Turkey and the Balkans helping to relieve the poulations uprooted by World War I and its aftermath. Lovejoy became the second woman to gradu…
1930
#4850
The Edwin Smith surgical papyrus. Published in facsimile and hieroglyphic transliteration with translation and commentary by James Henry Breasted. 2 vols.
At Luxor, Egypt, in 1862 the American collector and dealer in papyri Edwin Smith purchased the papyrus which bears his name. It is preserved at the New York Academy of Medicine. The original text was written about 300…
1930
#6471
The beginnings. Egypt and Assyria.
Clio Medica series.
1930 –1932
#9240
Zur Heilkinde der Uiguren. Edited by G. R. Rachmati. 2 vols.
Old Uygur medical fragments, some of which are now lost, in the Berlin Turfan collection. Rachmati was the pioneer historian of Islamic Central Asian medicine.