Facets

1860

#6504

La médecine du Prophète, traduit de l'arabe par M. le docteur Perron.

First appeared in Gaz. méd. d’Algerie, 1859, 4.

1861

#10049

The eastern, or Turkish bath: Its history, revival in Britain, and application to the purposes of health.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1863

#12657

Monograph on the Aye-Aye (Chiromys madagascariensis, Cuvier).

For the first 100 years after the first aye-aye was brought to Europe from Madagascar in the 1780s, debate persisted over whether it was a rodent, a primate, or most closely related to the kangaroo. Classification of …

1864

#5344.5

On the endemic haematuria of the Cape of Good Hope.

Like Cobbold, Harley expressed the view that a mollusc was the intermediate host in bilharziasis.

1865

#14037

Persien. Das Land und seine Bewohner. Ethnographische Schilderungen. 2 vols.

In this wide-ranging ethnographic study Polak provided the most authoritative account of his introduction of western medicine into Iran as well as the state of medicine in Iran generally. "Polak (1865, II, pp. 192-348…

1868

#10180

Zakarīyā b. Muḥammad al-Qazwīnī's Kosmographie. Nach der Wüstenfeldschen Textausgabe, mit Benutzung und Beifügung der reichhaltigen Anmerkungen und Verbesserungen des Herrn Prof. Dr. Fleischer in Leipzig, aus dem Arabischen zum ersten Male vollständig übersetzt von Dr. Hermann Ethé. Die Wunder der Schöpfung. 1. Halbband

Digital facsimile from Bayerische StaatsBibliothek at this link.

1870

#10567

The religious system of the Amazulu. Izinyanga zokubula; or, divination, as existing among the Amazulu, in their own words, with a translation into English, and notes.

Callaway, a surgeon turned missionary and bishop of the Diocese of Natal, may have been the first to publish actual transcriptions of Zulu divination, including indigenous medical beliefs and practices, in their origi…

1874

#12705

The Last Journals of David Livingstone, in Central Africa. From eighteen hundred and sixty-five to his death. Continued by a narrative of his last Moments and sufferings, obtained from his faithful servants, Chuma and Susi, by Horace Waller, F.R.G.S.

"Livingstone’s most famous expedition was in 1866–73, when he traversed much of central Africa in an attempt to find the source of the Nile. This book contains the daily journals that Livingstone kept on this expediti…

1875

#2

Papyros Ebers: Das hermetische Buch über die Arzeneimittel der alten Ägypter in hieratischer Schrift, herausgegeben mit Inhaltsangabe und Einleitung versehen von Georg Ebers, mit Hieroglyphisch-Lateinischem Glossar von Ludwig [Christian] Stern, mit Unterstützung des Königlich Sächsischen Cultusministerium. 2 vols.

The Ebers Papyrus dates from about 1552 BCE. It measures 20.23 m. in length and 30 cm. in height, and is, along with the Edwin Smith Papyrus, one of the two most important surviving medical papyri. It was written in h…

1875

#5344.10

On the presence of a Filaria in “craw-craw”.

In 1874, while examining skin snips from craw-craw patients in Ghana, during his service on the H. M. S. Decoy, the Irish surgeon O’Neill discovered the subcutaneous microfilaria. This was the earliest known visual id…

1876

#6469

Die ersten Anfänge der Heilkunde und die Medizin im alten Aegypten. Eine kulturgeschichteliche Skizze.

Sammlung gemeinverständlicher wissenscbaftlicher Vorträge, No. 255.

1876

#6505

Histoire de la médecine arabe. Exposé complet des traductions du grec. Les sciences en Orient, leur transmission à l’Occident par les traductions latines. 2 vols.

An exhaustive history, for its time, of Arabian medical translations from East to West and vice versa. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive, at this link.

1876

#10681

Cholera epidemics in East Africa. An account of the several diffusions of the disease in the country from 1821 till 1872, with an outline of the geography, ethnology, and trade connections of the regions through which the epidemics passed.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1877

#6761.1

Die Uebersetzungen arabischer Werke in das Lateinische seit dem XI. Jahrhundert.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1877 –1883

#8528

Traité des simples. 3 vols. Notices et extraits des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque nationale et autres bibliothèques, 1877, tome 23,1; tome 25,1; tome 26,1. Traduit par Lucien Leclerc.

Ibn al-Baytar systematically recorded the additions to pharmacy made by medieval Islamic physicians, who added between 300 and 400 types of medicines to the roughly one thousand known since antiquity. "Ibn al-Baitar’s…

1879

#443

Das Arabische un Hebräische in der Anatomie.

Hyrtl, professor of anatomy at Prague and Vienna, retired in 1874 and devoted his leisure to the writing of this and his Onomatologia anatomica. Garrison considered Hyrtl, along with Littré, among the greatest medical…

1883

#5923

Bericht über die Thätigkeit der deutschen Cholerakommission in Aegypten und Ostindien.

Koch–Weeks bacillus, Hemophilus conjunctivitidis, or Hemophilus aegyptius. Koch discovered the bacilli of two varieties of Egyptian conjunctivitis. See also No. 5930.

1883

#14039

Essai de géographie médicale de l'Ille Nosi-Bé près la cote nord-ouest de Madagascar (avec cartes). Thèse pour le doctorat en médicine.

1884

#13051

The vertebrate zoology of Sind. A systematic account, with descriptions of all the known species of mammals, birds, and reptiles inhabiting the province; observations on their habits, &c; tables of their geographical distribution in Persia, Belochistan, and Afghanistan; Punjab, North-west provinces, and the peninsula of India generally, with woodcuts, lithographs, and coloured illustrations.

1884

#13341

Ibn Abi Useibia. Herausgegeben von August Müller.

Self-published. Arabic text with relatively brief commentary. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

1885

#9500

A contribution to South African materia medica, chiefly from plants in use among the natives.

The first edition was a pamphlet of 23 pp. Smith issued a much-expanded second edition with 163 pp., also at Lovedale in 1888, and a further expanded third edition with 262 pp. (Cape Town, 1895). Digital facsimile of …

1886

#5186

Zur Aetiologie der Dysenterie in Aegypten.

Kartulis discovered amoebae in liver abscess. It was principally through the work of Kartulis that amoebae came to be considered the cause of dysentery in man.

1886

#13052

The reptiles of Sind: A systematic account, with descriptions of all the species inhabiting the province, and a table of their geographical distribution in Persia, Bloochistan, Afghanistan, Punjab, Northwest Provinces, and the Peninsula of India generally, with woodcuts, lithographs, and colored illustrations.

A re-issue with additions to date, of "Reptilian fauna" in the author's Vertebrate zoology of Sind. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

1887

#182

Les pygmées.

De Quatrefages showed that pygmies are descended from ancient races and are not, as was believed by many, a retrograde or degenerate type of negro of comparatively recent growth. English translation by Frederick Starr…

1887 –1890

#13053

The avifauna of British India and its dependencies. A systematic account, with descriptions of all the known species of birds inhabiting British India, observations on their habits, nidification, &c., tables of their geographical distribution in Persia, Beloochistan, Afghanistan, Sind, Punjab, N.W. Provinces, and the peninsula of India generally, with woodcuts, lithographs, and coloured illustrations. 2 vols.

Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

1890

#8287

Reisebilder aus Liberia: Resultate geographischer, naturwissenschaftlicher und ethnographischer untersuchungen während der jahre 1879-1882 und 1886-1887. 2 vols.

The first comprehensive monograph on the Republic of Liberia, published 50 years after its colonization by freed American slaves and their descendents. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link. Transla…

1890

#11449

The antiquity of man in South Africa, and evolution.

The first separately published work on human origins published in the continent of Africa. Hillier's text was read on his behalf before the Eastern Province Literary and Scientific Society in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape…

1891

#5272

Étude sur les parasites du sang chez les paludiques.

Nepveu, whilst in Algeria, was the first to see trypanosomes in human blood.

1895

#5273

Preliminary report on the tsetse fly disease or nagana, in Zululand.

In 1895 Bruce found that nagana, the tsetse fly disease of Zululand, was due to a trypanosome (T. brucei). He described a hematozoon in the blood of the affected animals that had not been previously described. Digital…

1896

#5361

Notizen zur Helminthologie Aegyptens. Die Lebensgeschichte des Anchylostomum duodenale (Dub.).

Looss elucidated the life cycle and mode of transmission of the hookworm. See also No. 5365. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1).

1896

#11077

Further report on the tsetse fly disease or nagana, in Zululand.

In this more-detailed follow-up to his "preliminary" paper of 1895 published in Durban, South Africa, Bruce provided definitive proof that the Trypanosoma was the cause of nagana, and the tsetse fly was the vector of …

1898

#2457

Reise-Bericht über Rinderpest, Bubonenpest in Indien und Afrika, Tsetse-oder Surrakrankheit, Texasfieber, tropische Malaria, Schwarzwasserfieber.

1898

#7011

The Petrie papyri. Hieratic papyri from Kahun and Gurob (Principally of the Middle Kingdom) edited by F. Ll. Griffith.

KAHUN GYNECOLOGICAL PAPYRUS

The Kahun Gynecological Papyrus (also Kahun Papyrus, Kahun Medical Papyrus, or UC 32057) is the oldest known medical text on papyrus, dating from circa 1800 BCE. It was found at El-Lahun, Egypt (Faiyum, Kahun, كاهم

1898

#13857

Considérations sanitaires sur l'expédition de Madagascar et quelques autres expéditions coloniales, françaises et anglaises.

Digital facsimile from wellcomecollection.org at this link.

1901

#12210

Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. Lettres écrites d'Égypte à Cuvier, Jussieu, Lacépède, Monge, Desgenettes, Redouté le Jeune, Norry, etc., aux professeurs du muséum et à sa famille. Receuillies et publiées avec un préface et des notes par le Dr. E.-T. Hamy.

Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link.

1902

#5274

Some clinical notes on a European patient in whose blood a trypanosoma was observed.

In 1901 Forde saw (but did not at first recognize as such) trypanosomes in the blood of a patient in Gambia. (See No. 5275.)

1903

#5276

On the discovery of a species of trypanosoma in the cerebrospinal fluid of cases of sleeping sickness.

While in Uganda, Castellani discovered T. gambiense in human cerebrospinal fluid. A paper in Notes Rec. roy. Soc., 1973, 23, 93-110, discounts Castellani’s claim that although he first discovered trypanosomes in the c…

1903 –1919

#5277

Reports of the Sleeping Sickness Commission of the Royal Society, 1903-1912. 17 pts.

Bruce and D.N. Nabarro were sent to Africa by the Royal Society to study sleeping sickness, and in their report they showed that the tsetse fly was the vector of trypanosomiasis. They also found that Gambia fever and …

1903

#8363

Trois traités d'anatomie arabes par Muhammad ibn Zakariyya al-Razi, 'Ali ibn al-'Abbas, et 'Ali ibn Sina. Text inédit de deux traités. Traduction de P. de Koning.

Parallel Arabic and French texts. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1903

#13138

Le livre de l’art du traitement de Najm ad-Dyn Mahmoud: Texte, traduction, glossaires, précédés d’un essai sur la pharmacopée arabe par Pierre Paul Emile Guigues.

Arabic text, with a French translation, of parts 4-5 of “Al-Kitab al-hawi fi ‘ilm al-tadawi” by Najm al-Din Mahmud. Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas al-Shirazi was a Persian physician from Shiraz. His major composition wa…

1904 –1905

#8347

Die europäischen Übersetzungen aus dem Arabischen bis Mitte des 17. Jahrhunderts. 2 vols.

Digital facsimile from medadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de at this link.

1905

#5318

The nature of tick fever in the eastern part of the Congo Free State.

Independently of Ross and Milne, Dutton and Todd demonstrated relapsing fever in monkeys conveyed by infected ticks, Omithodorus moubata. The organism was named Sp. (now Borrelia) duttoni. Both Dutton and Todd contrac…

1905 –1911

#5365

The anatomy and life history of Agchylostoma duodenale Dub. A. monograph. 2 pts.

Vols. 3 and 4 of Records of the School of Medicine, Cairo. In 1898 Looss discovered that hookworm larvae can penetrate the skin. His monograph epitomized all knowledge of the condition to 1911.

1905

#8390

The Hearst Medical Papyrus: Hieratic text in 17 facsimile plates in collotype with introduction and vocabulary by George A. Reisner. University of California Publications. Egyptian Archaeology, Volume 1.

The papyrus has been dated to the 18th Dynasty of Egypt, around the time of pharaoh Tuthmosis III. The text is believed to have been composed earlier, during the Middle Kingdom, around 2000 BCE. The papyrus is so unus…

1905

#12519

Die arabischen Lehrbücher der Augenheilkunde. Ein Capitel zur arabischen Litteraturegeschichte. Unter Mitwirkung von J. Lippert und E. Mittwoch. Bearbeitet von J. Hirschberg.

Digital facsimile of the 1905 edition from the Internet Archive at this link. Translated into English as The Arabian Ophthalmologists, compiled from original texts by J. Hirschberg, J. Lippert and E. Mittwoch and tran…

1906

#5111.1

Über Cholera- und choleraähnliche Vibrionen unter den aus Mekka zurückkehrenden Pilgern.

Isolation of El Tor vibrio, a particular strain of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Gotschlich first identified this strain in 1905 at a quarantine camp on the Sinai Peninsula in El Tor, Egypt . The vibrios were found i…

1906

#6506

Die Medizin im Koran.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1906

#13137

La pharmacie en Egypte.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1908

#8238

Histoire de la médecine Arabe en Tunisie.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1909

#4

Der grosse medizinische Papyrus des Berliner Museums (Pap. Berl. 3038) in Facsimile und Umschrift mit Uebersetzung, Kommentar und Glossar. Herausg. von Walter Wreszinski.

BRUGSCH PAPYRUS

The Greater German Papyrus (Brugsch Papyrus) dates from about 1300 BCE. The above facsimile reproduction and translation forms vol. 1 of the Medizin der alten Aegypter series. Digital facsimile from the U.S. National …