PASTEUR, Louis (1822 – 1895)

1847

#6922

Thèses de physique et de chimie, Presentées à la Faculté des Sciences de Paris.

Pasteur reported a series of “investigations into the relation between optical activity, crystalline structure, and chemical composition in organic compounds, particularly tartaric and paratartaric acids. This work fo…

1857

#2472

Mémoire sur la fermentation appelée lactique.

First demonstration of the connection between a specific fermentation and the activity of a specific living micro-organism. This paper is often considered the beginning of bacteriology as a modern science. The above w…

1859

#2473

Nouveaux faits pour server à l’histoire de la levure lactique.

This and the preceding entry mark Pasteur’s commencement of the study of fermentation. This paper described Pasteur’s method of cultivating micro-organisms in a medium free of organic nitrogen to produce fermentations…

1860

#2474

Expériences relatives aux générations dites spontanées.

1861

#2475

Mémoire sur les corpuscles organisés qui existent dans l’atmosphère. Examen de la doctrine des générations spontanées.

In these easily reproducible experiments, prefaced by an important historical introduction, Pasteur demonstrated beyond dispute that fermentation is caused by the action of minute living organisms, and that if these a…

1861

#2475.1

Animalcules infusoires vivant sans gaz oxygène libre et déterminant des fermentations.

The discovery of strict anaerobiosis, important for general biology since it shows that oxygen gas is not a requisite for life.

1863

#2476

Nouvel exemple de fermentation determinée par des animalcules infusoires pouvant vivre sans gaz oxygène libre, et en dehors de tout contact avec l’air de l’atmosphere.

Pasteur confirmed the fact, established by Schwann (No. 674) that putrefaction was a biological process.

1863

#2477

Examen du rôle attribué au gaz oxygène atmosphérique dans la destruction des matières et végétales après la mort.

1863

#2478

Recherches sur la putréfaction.

Pasteur was the first to differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic organisms. (See also Nos. 2476-77.)

1866

#2479

Études sur le vin.

Although Pasteur’s method of preserving wine by partial heat sterilization (“pasteurization”) turned out to be a revival of Appert’s invention (No. 2467.1), Pasteur did rescue the method from oblivion and established …

1868

#2480

Études sur le vinaigre.

Pasteur proved that a microorganism was essential to acetification and developed a patented method which greatly increased the efficiency of production.

1870

#2481

Études sur la maladie des vers à soie. 2 vols.

This work saved the French silk industry, which had been crippled by the disease pébrine. After three years of research on the problem, Pasteur was able to show that the disease known as pébrine was caused by a parasi…

1876

#2485

Études sur la bière, ses maladies, causes qui les provoquent, procédé pour la rendre inaltérable; avec une théorie nouvelle de la fermentation.

Pasteur resumed his studies on fermentation in 1876, and in this book took into account the developments in this field since his previous publications on the subject. He described a new and perfected method of prepari…

1877

#1932.1

Charbon et septicémie.

Discovery of Vibrion septique (Cl. septicum), the first pathogenic anerobe to be found. Pasteur and Joubert were probably the first to realize the practical implications of antibiosis. They noted the antagonism betwee…

1877

#5168

Étude sur la maladie charbonneuse.

Pasteur confirmed Koch’s results regarding anthrax; with Joubert he carried the bacillus through 100 generations and succeeded in producing anthrax from the last, thus disposing of the idea of a separate virus.

1878

#14194

La théorie des germes et ses applications à la médecine et à la chirurgie. Lecture faite à l'Académie de médecine par M. Pasteur en son nom et au nom de MM. Joubert et Chamberland ....

In this speech Pasteur first introduced the term "germ theory" and defined its applications in medicine, surgery, and infectious disease. The speech was first published in condensed form in Comptes rendus...de l'Acadé…

1879

#6278

Septicémie puerpérale.

Description of the streptococcus of puerperal sepsis.

1880

#2492.1

De l’extension de la théorie des germes à l’étiologie de quelques maladies communes.

In this study of furunculosis (“boils”) and osteomyelitis Pasteur left the first recognizable descriptions of staphylococcus and streptococcus. The term streptococcus had been coined by Billroth in 1874; however, Past…

1880

#2537

Sur les maladies virulentes, et en particulier sur la maladie appelée vulgairement choléra des poules.

This paper marked the beginning of Pasteur’s work on the attenuation of the infective organism. Noting that fowls inoculated with an attenuated form of the chicken cholera bacterium acquired immunity, he developed the…

1880

#5169

Sur l’étiologie du charbon.

First use of attenuated bacteria for therapeutic purposes. See also the same journal, 1881, 92, 1378-83.

1881

#5481.4

Sur la rage.

This paper marks the beginning of Pasteur’s studies on rabies. English translation in R. Suzor, Hydrophobia: An account of M. Pasteur’s system…London, 1887.

1883

#14211

De l'Atténuation des virus, avec la collaboration de MM. Chamberland, Roux et Thuillier. Quatrième Congrès international d'hygiène et de démographie. Séance du 5 Septembre 1882.

In his seminal 1880 paper, Sur les maladies virulentes, et en particulier sur la maladie appelée vulgairement choléra des poules, GM-2537, Pasteur developed the idea of a protective inoculation by attenuated living cu…

1884

#5482

Nouvelle communication sur la rage.

Demonstration in the blood of the rabies virus. English translation in R. Suzor, Hydrophobia: An account of M. Pasteur’s system…London, 1887.

1885

#2541

Méthode pour prévenir la rage après morsure.

Pasteur’s papers describing his rabies vaccine, and the results he attained with it gave further proof of the value of attenuated virus as a protective inoculum against infective diseases in man and animals. This is c…

1887

#12039

Hydrophobia: An account of M. Pasteur's system containing a translation of all his communications on the subject, the technique of his method, and the latest statistical results

The author, qualified M.D. in both Edinburgh and Paris, characterized himself on the title page of this work as "Commissioned by the Government of the Colony of Mauritius to study M. Pasteur's new treatment in Paris."…

1922 –1939

#83

Œuvres de Pasteur, réunies par Pasteur Vallery-Radot. 7 vols.

One of the founders of bacteriology, Pasteur's work on fermentation, the doctrine of spontaneous generation (which he exploded), virus diseases and preventive vaccinations, was fundamental. Digital facsimile of the co…

1968

#12038

Correspondence of Pasteur & Thuillier concerning anthrax and swine fever vaccinations. Translated and edited by Robert M. Frank and Denise Wrotnowska. Preface by Louis Pasteur Vallery-Radot.

Edition and translation of about 60 letters mostly between Pasteur and his protegé Louis Thuillier in the Reynolds Historical Library at the University of Alabama. During the period involved in this correspondence "Th…

1995

#11019

The private science of Louis Pasteur.

"His biography of Pasteur was viewed as an outstanding work of scholarship which penetrated the secrecy that had surrounded much of the legendary scientist's laboratory work. Geison used Pasteur's laboratory notebooks…