1862 DUNANT, Jean Henri (1828 – 1910)

Un souvenir de Solferino.

Dunant’s account of the great sufferings endured by the wounded at Solferino inspired the creation of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1863, and resulted in the Geneva Convention of 1864. In 1901…

GMN 2166 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/1099

1890 EIJKMAN, Christiaan (1858 – 1930)

Polyneuritis bij hoenders.

Eijkman produced beriberi experimentally in fowls; from this he was led to conclude that a diet of over-milled rice was the chief cause, both in fowls and humans. Thus his work was of great importance in determining t…

GMN 3741 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/4544

1912 HOPKINS, Sir Frederick Gowland (1861 – 1947)

Feeding experiments illustrating the importance of accessory factors in normal dietaries.

In 1929 Hopkins shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Eijkman "for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins."

GMN 1048 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/589

1928 SZENT-GYÖRGYI, Albert (1893 – 1987)

Observations on the function of peroxidase systems and the chemistry of the adrenal cortex. Description of a new carbohydrate derivative.

Isolation of vitamin C, ascorbic acid. In 1937 Szent-Györgyi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discoveries in connexion with the biological combustion process with special reference to vit…

GMN 1059 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/676

1929 DAM, Carl Pieter Henrik (1895 – 1976)

Cholesterinstoffwechsel in Hühnereiern und Hühnchen.

In 1943 Dam shared the Nobel Prize with Doisy "for discovery of vitamin K, the blood coagulating factor."

GMN 1062 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/690

1931 KARRER, Paul (1889 – 1971); MORF, R.; SCHÖPP, K.

Zur Kenntnis des Vitamins-A aus Fischtranen.

In 1930 Karrer established the correct formula for carotene (the chief precursor of vitamin A), the first demonstration of the chemical structure of a vitamin. Shortly thereafter, he was able to determine the formula …

GMN 14238 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/16557

1933 HAWORTH, Sir Walter Norman (1883 – 1950); HIRST, Sir Edmund Langley (1898 – 1975)

Synthesis of ascorbic acid.

Haworth and Hirst successfully synthesized vitamin C in the laboratory. This was the first vitamin to be artificially produced. Their breakthrough made it possible for vitamin C, or ascorbic acid as Haworth called it,…

GMN 14280 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/16602

1939 BINKLEY, Stephen Bennett (1910 – 1987); DOISY, Edward Adelbert (1883 – 1986); MACCORQUODALE, Donald William (1898 – 1986); THAYER, Sidney A.

The isolation of vitamin K1.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Binkley, MacCorquodale, Thayer, Doisy. In 1943 Doisy received half of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K."…

GMN 1081 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/812

1955 HODGKIN, Dorothy Crowfoot (1910 – 1994)

The crystal structure of the hexacarboxylic acid derived from B12 and the molecular structure of the vitamin.

The final structure of vitamin B12. With J. Pickworth, J.H. Robertson, K.N. Trueblood, R.J. Prosen, J. G. White. In 1964 Hodgkin was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of …

GMN 6928 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/9093

1957 CALVIN, Melvin Ellis (1911 – 1997); BASSHAM, James Alan (1922 – 2012)

The path of carbon in photosynthesis.

Discovery of the Calvin cycle, also known as the Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle, or reductive pentose phosphate cycle or C3 cycle — a series of biochemical redox reactions that take place in the stroma of chloropla…

GMN 7386 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/9558

1985 DEISENHOFER, Johann (1943 – ); MICHEL, Hartmut (1948 – ); HUBER, Robert (1937 – ); ET AL

Structure of the protein subunit in the photosynthetic reaction centre of Rhodopseudomonas viridis at 3 Å resolution.

Discovery of the three-dimensional structure of a protein complex found in certain photosynthetic bacteria, called the photosynthetic reaction center. This was the first elucidation of the 3D crystal structure of any …

GMN 11060 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/13256

2006 GORE, Albert Arnold Jr. (1948 – )

An inconvenient truth. The planetary emergency of global warming and what we can do about it.

A politician, Gore was one of the first to draw popular attention to climate change. He supplemented the best-selling book with a film and DVD with the same title. Ten years later, recognizing that in spite of its wid…

GMN 14048 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/16358