Jenner and vaccination: A strange chapter of medical history.

Creighton, one of the founders of epidemiology, disputed the germ theory of infectious disease, and became "one of the anti-vaccination movement's 'most ardent and distinguished spokesmen.' Creighton argued that vaccination was poisoning of the blood with contaminated material, which could provide no protection from disease" (Wikipedia article Charles Creighton, accessed 4-2020).