1908 CARREL, Alexis (1873 – 1944)

Transplantation in mass of the kidneys.

Carrel revolutionized vascular surgery. He transplanted the kidney from one animal to another, an operation later carried out successfully in man. For his earlier work on vascular anastomosis and transplantation of vi…

GMN 4235 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/5089

1936 EGAS MONIZ, Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire (1874 – 1955)

Essai d’un traitement chirurgical de certaines psychoses.

Prefrontal leucotomy (lobotomy). Translation in J. Neurosurg., 1964, 21, 1110-14. See also Egas Moniz's book Tentatives opératoires dans le traitement de certaines psychoses, Paris, 1936. His name was originally Anton…

GMN 4905 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/5959

1951 MEDAWAR, Sir Peter Brian (1915 – 1987); BILLINGHAM, Rupert Everett (1921 – 2002)

The technique of free skin grafting in mammals.

This "paper facilitated the later discovery of `actively acquired tolerance' and the definition of the principal laws of transplantation tolerance. Thus, it was in a series of classic experiments (stemming from this J…

GMN 13595 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/15874

1955 TOWNES, Charles Hard (1915 – 2015); GORDON, James Power (1928 – 2013); ZEIGER, Herbert (1925 – 2011)

The maser - new type of microwave amplifier, frequency standard, and spectrometer.

In 1964 Townes shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov and Alexandr Mihailovich Prokhorov "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of osci…

GMN 14312 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/16637

1956 MERRILL, John Putnam (1917 – 1986); MURRAY, Joseph Edward (1919 – 2012); HARRISON, John Hartwell (1909 – 1983); ET AL

Successful homotransplantation of the human kidney between identical twins.

This was the first successful kidney transplant. The patient, both of whose own kidneys had been removed, was alive 11 months after the transplant. With Warren R. Guild. See No. 4256.1. In 1990 Joseph Murray shared th…

GMN 4257 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/5197

1957 THOMAS, Edward Donnall (1920 – 2012); LOCHTE, Harry L. Jr.; LU, Wan Ching; ET AL

Intravenous infusion of bone marrow in patients receiving radiation and chemotherapy.

Thomas and colleagues reported the first bone marrow transplants. They described the treatment of six patients with cancers and/leukemia and one patient with multiple myeloma. Three of the patients died, two responded…

GMN 13594 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/15873

1958 SNELL, George Davis (1903 – 1996)

Histocompatibility genes of the mouse.

Snell made fundamental contributions to transplantation genetics. At his suggestion genes governing transplantation were called histocompatibility genes and Gorer’s Antigen II became Histocompatibility-2 (H-2). In 198…

GMN 2578.30 · https://beta.historyofmedicine.com/id/4268