Facets

1685

#11128

Traité des maladies particulières aux pays orientaux, et dans la route, et de leurs Remèdes. Par M.C.D.D.E.M.

At the age of 17, Dellon, who is sometimes referred to as Gabriel Dellon, embarked as second surgeon aboard the ship La Force. He arrived at Darman, in the Portuguese Indies, in 1673, where he was doctor to Luis de Me…

1721

#10651

Relation des différentes espèces de peste qui reconnaissent les orientaux, des précautions & des remèdes qu'ils prennent pour empêcher la communication & le progrès; et ce que nous devons faire à leur exemple pour nous en préserver, & nous en guérir.

Gaudereau worked as a missionary in Turkey, Armenia, Persia, and India, facing plague outbreaks several times. In Turkey he almost succumbed to the plague, himself, but was cured using local remedies. These remedies a…

1756

#5290

Natural history of Aleppo and parts adjacent.

Includes (Chap, iv) a good account of “Aleppo boil”, which Russell found to be endemic in Aleppo. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1779

#9501

A physical journal kept on board H. M. Ship Rainbow during three voyages to the coast of Africa and the West Indies, in the years 1772, 1773, and 1774: To which is prefixed, a particular account of the remitting fever which happened on board of His Majesty's Sloop Weasel, on that coast, in 1769.

1791

#9522

A treatise of the plague: Containing an historical journal, and medical account, of the plague, at Aleppo, in the years 1760, 1761, and 1762.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1795

#5336.3

An essay on the malignant pestilential fever introduced into the West Indian Islands from Boullam, on the coast of Guinea, as it appeared in 1793 and 1794.

Chisholm, "Surgeon to his Majesty's Ordnance in Grenada," was apparently the first to observe the mode of transmission of the Guinea worm, Dracunculus medinensis. Chishom was also one of the first to recognize that th…

1798 –1801

#10577

Opuscules du C[itoy]en Desgenettes, Médecin en chef de l'Armée d'Orient.

A collection of nine separately printed pamphlets issued by Napoleon's press in Cairo during his Egyptian campaign. See J.-F. Hutin, "La littérature médicale de la campagne d'Égypte", Histoire des sciences medicales, …

1799

#9070

Ensaios sobre algumas enfermidades d'Angola....

Azeredo noted that the tropical fevers found in Brazil and Angola were very similar. He claimed to have achieved excellent results with his “new method” of treatment, which included the use of quinine, nux vomica, ars…

1800 –1801

#5837

Mémoire sur l’ophtalmie régnante en Egypte.

The great military surgeon Larrey served during the Napoleonic campaign in Egypt, where he was the first to observe the contagiousness of trachoma shortly after the successful invasion in 1798. The disease spread to E…

1801

#12053

Observations sur la maladies appelée peste, le flux dissentérique, l'ophtalmie d'Égypte, et les moyens de s'en préserver. Avec des notions sur la fièvre jaune de Cadix, et les projet et plan d'un hôpital, pour le traitement maladies épidémiques et contagieuses.

At the time of publication Assalini, a military surgeon with Napoleon, characterized himself on the title page as "Docteur en Médecine et Chirugien de 1re classe de la Garde des Consuls..." Digital facsimile from well…

1803

#5266

An account of the native Africans in the neighbourhood of Sierra Leone; to which is added, an account of the present state of medicine among them. 2 vols.

In his travels in Africa, Winterbottom, physician to the Colony of Sierra Leone (now Republic of Sierra Leone) on the west coast of Africa, saw sleeping sickness, which he described in vol. 2, pp. 29-31, as a species …

1803

#7367

Travels in Turkey, Asia-Minor, Syria, and across the desert into Egypt during the years 1799, 1800, and 1801, in company with the Turkish Army, and the British Military Mission.To which are annexed, observations on the plague, and on the diseases prevalent in Turkey, and a meteorological journal.

Wittman described the plague and other epidemics that afflicted both the Ottoman and British armies. In the Appendix he provided medical suggestions for treatment, together with a history of the plague. Digital facsim…

1817

#8816

Results of an investigation, respecting epidemic and pestilential diseases; including researches in the Levant, concerning the plague. 2 vols.

"From 1815 to 1817 Maclean travelled in Spain, Turkey, and the Levant, and he studied the plague at the Greek Pest Hospital at Constantinople, in the service of the Levant Company. His experiences in the Levant and in…

1822

#9071

Memoria sobre a virtude toenifuga da romeira, com observações zoologicas e zoonomicas relativas á toenea, e com huma estampa.

On the use of a root medicine to treat tapeworms, roundworms and similar parasites. The author refers to cases from Portuguese Africa, India and Brazil, and gives clinical observations based on his own case studies, s…

1829

#5291

Sur la pyrophlyctide endémique, ou pustule d’Aleppo.

Important description of “Aleppo boil”, furunculosis orientalis.

1831

#10790

A practical medico-historical account of the western coast of Africa: Embracing a topographical description of its shores, rivers, and settlements, with their seasons and comparative healthiness: Together with the causes, symptoms, and treatment, of the fevers of western Africa, and a similar account respecting the other diseases which prevail there.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1840

#5267

Observations on the disease lethargus: with cases and pathology.

Clarke left a detailed account of African trypanosomiasis; he saw cases of the disease while serving as a colonial surgeon at Sierra Leone, and named it “narcoleptic dropsy”.

1843

#10737

Medical history of the expedition to the Niger during the years 1841-42, comprising an account of the fever which led to its abrupt termination.

McWilliam included a history of yellow fever, pathology, description of symptoms, sequences, causes, treatment. He also described the state of medicine among the Africans. He specifically described the ventilation of …

1857

#5269

Missionary travels and researches in South Africa.

Livingstone gave an accurate account of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans and of the disease in cattle following its bite (see pp. 80-83; picture of the tsetse fly on p. 571). In his time the bite of the fly was thoug…

1858

#5270

Arsenic as a remedy for the tsetse bite.

Livingstone was probably the first to administer arsenic for the treatment of “nagana”, a disease of horses caused by trypanosomes. This followed a suggestion by James Braid. Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at th…

1858

#12482

Impressions of Western Africa. With remarks on the diseases of the climate and a report on the peculiarities of trade up the rivers in the Bight of Biafra.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

1864

#5344.5

On the endemic haematuria of the Cape of Good Hope.

Like Cobbold, Harley expressed the view that a mollusc was the intermediate host in bilharziasis.

1875

#5344.10

On the presence of a Filaria in “craw-craw”.

In 1874, while examining skin snips from craw-craw patients in Ghana, during his service on the H. M. S. Decoy, the Irish surgeon O’Neill discovered the subcutaneous microfilaria. This was the earliest known visual id…

1876

#10681

Cholera epidemics in East Africa. An account of the several diffusions of the disease in the country from 1821 till 1872, with an outline of the geography, ethnology, and trade connections of the regions through which the epidemics passed.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1883

#5923

Bericht über die Thätigkeit der deutschen Cholerakommission in Aegypten und Ostindien.

Koch–Weeks bacillus, Hemophilus conjunctivitidis, or Hemophilus aegyptius. Koch discovered the bacilli of two varieties of Egyptian conjunctivitis. See also No. 5930.

1891

#5272

Étude sur les parasites du sang chez les paludiques.

Nepveu, whilst in Algeria, was the first to see trypanosomes in human blood.

1895

#5273

Preliminary report on the tsetse fly disease or nagana, in Zululand.

In 1895 Bruce found that nagana, the tsetse fly disease of Zululand, was due to a trypanosome (T. brucei). He described a hematozoon in the blood of the affected animals that had not been previously described. Digital…

1896

#11077

Further report on the tsetse fly disease or nagana, in Zululand.

In this more-detailed follow-up to his "preliminary" paper of 1895 published in Durban, South Africa, Bruce provided definitive proof that the Trypanosoma was the cause of nagana, and the tsetse fly was the vector of …

1898

#2457

Reise-Bericht über Rinderpest, Bubonenpest in Indien und Afrika, Tsetse-oder Surrakrankheit, Texasfieber, tropische Malaria, Schwarzwasserfieber.

1902

#5274

Some clinical notes on a European patient in whose blood a trypanosoma was observed.

In 1901 Forde saw (but did not at first recognize as such) trypanosomes in the blood of a patient in Gambia. (See No. 5275.)

1903

#5276

On the discovery of a species of trypanosoma in the cerebrospinal fluid of cases of sleeping sickness.

While in Uganda, Castellani discovered T. gambiense in human cerebrospinal fluid. A paper in Notes Rec. roy. Soc., 1973, 23, 93-110, discounts Castellani’s claim that although he first discovered trypanosomes in the c…

1903 –1919

#5277

Reports of the Sleeping Sickness Commission of the Royal Society, 1903-1912. 17 pts.

Bruce and D.N. Nabarro were sent to Africa by the Royal Society to study sleeping sickness, and in their report they showed that the tsetse fly was the vector of trypanosomiasis. They also found that Gambia fever and …

1905

#5318

The nature of tick fever in the eastern part of the Congo Free State.

Independently of Ross and Milne, Dutton and Todd demonstrated relapsing fever in monkeys conveyed by infected ticks, Omithodorus moubata. The organism was named Sp. (now Borrelia) duttoni. Both Dutton and Todd contrac…

1906

#5111.1

Über Cholera- und choleraähnliche Vibrionen unter den aus Mekka zurückkehrenden Pilgern.

Isolation of El Tor vibrio, a particular strain of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Gotschlich first identified this strain in 1905 at a quarantine camp on the Sinai Peninsula in El Tor, Egypt . The vibrios were found i…

1910

#5383

Une fièvre éruptive observée en Tunisie.

First description of fievre boutonneuse, a form of tick-borne typhus found in Tunisia.

1915 –1916

#5350.4

Reports of the results of the bilharzia mission in Egypt, 1915.

Leiper identified the snail responsible for the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium.

1927

#5350.8

The insect transmission of Onchocerca volvulus (Leuckart, 1893), the cause of worm nodules in man in Africa.

The fly Simulium damnosum shown to be the vector of onchocerciasis.

1930

#12459

The African Republic of Liberia and the Belgian Congo based on the observations made and material collected during the Harvard African Expedition, 1926-1927. Edited by Richard P. Strong. 2 vols.

"The Harvard Medical African Expedition of 1926-1927 was an eight-man venture sent by Harvard University for the primary purpose of conducting a medical and biological survey of Liberia; the secondary purpose being to…

1931

#5541

Enzootic hepatitis or Rift Valley fever. An undescribed virus disease of sheep, cattle and man from East Africa.

First description.

1932

#12051

Le pèlerinage de la Mecque au point de vue religieux, social et sanitaire par le docteur Duguet. Avec un préface de Justin Godart.

"Duguet also served as inspector general of health services of Lebanon and Syria under the French Mandate and was responsible for the medical supervision of the pilgrimage to Mecca. The first part of the book gives so…

1940

#10951

A neurotropic virus isolated from the blood of a native in Uganda.

Order of authorship in the original paper: Smithburn, Hughes, Burke. In 1937 the authors isolated a virus from the blood of an adult female with fever from the Omogo West Nile district of Uganda, and named it West Nil…

1952

#7864

Zika virus (I). Isolations and serological specificity.

First description of Zika virus, an arbovirus native to Africa. The authors named the virus after the Zika forest in Uganda, where they were searching for Yellow Fever. Instead they isolated a new virus in samples tak…

1952

#10939

Zika virus. (II). Pathogenicity and physical properties.

Dick's second paper on the Zika virus, immediately following his first paper in the same volume of the same journal (see no. 7864). First statement that the Aedes aegypti mosquito is the vector of transmission of the …

1952

#10940

Neutralizing antibodies against certain recently isolated viruses in the sera of human beings residing in East Africa.

First report of human illness caused by Zika virus, detected in Uganda and Tanzania. 38 patients had neutralizing antibodies to Zika virus in their blood serum, proving that they had been infected by the virus. (Thank…

1958 –1959

#2660.12

A sarcoma involving the jaws in African children.

Burkitt’s lymphoma (African lymphoma), first described in detail by Sir Albert Cook, a medical missionary, but not published by him.

1967

#10679

The sleeping sickness epidemic of Uganda 1900-1920: A study in historical geography.

1970

#5546.4

Lassa fever, a new virus disease of man from West Africa. I. Clinical description and pathological findings.

An arenovirus infection first noted in Lassa, N. E. Nigeria, in 1969. With J. M. Baldwin, D. J. Gocke, and J. M. Troup.

1970

#5546.5

Lassa fever, a new virus disease of man from West Africa. III. Isolation and characterization of the virus.

Preliminary note in Nature (Lond.), 1970, 227, 174. Lassa Hemorrhagic Fever is endemic to the West African countries of Nigeria, Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone.

1971

#10678

The role of the trypanosomiases in African ecology: A study of the Tsetse fly problem.

1977

#5145.1

The black death in the Middle East.